How to acquire squares of sinewave spheres in excel

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Tips – Modified vs True Sinewave Inverter on a Boat – YouTube

Oct 31, 2018 · Learn the difference between a modified and true sinewave inverter. Which one should you buy for your boat? Which one will run your high end coffee maker and laptop the …

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Mixing Tips for a Modern Rock/Metal Snare Drum Sound Editing Audiobooks and Podcasts Efficiently on Cubase and Nuendo The Data is In: Sinewave Lab’s Sound Library was a failure

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How to Acquire Sinewave Spheres via Excel: 9 Steps (with .

Mar 28, 2019 · How to Acquire Sinewave Spheres via Excel. Learn to make images like the one below as you acquire from the following steps the knowledge of sinewave spheres. Become familiar with the basic image to be created: === The Tutorial ===

Sine wave – Wikipedia

A sine wave or sinusoid is a mathematical curve that describes a smooth periodic oscillation. A sine wave is a continuous wave. It is named after the function sine, of which it is the graph. It occurs often in pure and applied mathematics, as well as physics, engineering, signal processing and many other fields.

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5 ways to generate a sine wave

Mar 21, 2014 · It is not uncommon to need a sine wave but how do you generate it? The “best” or most appropriate method for a particular application depends on several things such as:

Analog Synth, Sinewave lacking and SUB-Bass Tips & Tricks .

Sounds like a Noob Question But Why ? Thread To Debate : Why is it so uncommon to find Sinewave on Analog Device ? is it technical ? like impossible to achieve with analog component on board, i mean electronically ? There’s often on Analog modeling synthesis or Digital. But we only find Square, Saw, Triangle, Pulse etc… on ANALOG Synth Advises for SUB-Bass on Analog Four, Analog Rytm and .

Steps

• Become familiar with the basic image to be created:

• In General, set R1C1 to Off and select Show the 10 Most Recent Documents .
• In Edit, set all the first options to checked except Automatically Convert Date System . Set Display number of decimal places to blank (as integers are preferred). Preserve the display of dates and set 30 for 21st century cutoff.
• In View, click on show Formula Bar and Status Bar and hover for comments of all Objects . Check Show gridlines and set all boxes below that to auto or checked.
• In Chart, allow show chart names and set data markers on hover and leave the rest unchecked for now.
• In Calculation, Make sure Manually and calculate before save are checked. Set max change to .000,000,000,000,01 without commas as goal-seeking is done a lot. Check save external link values and use 1904 system, Command + = performs a calculation session.
• In Error checking, check all the options.
• In Save, select Save preview picture with new files and Save Autorecover after 5 minutes
• In Ribbon, keep all of them checked except Hide group titles and Developer .

• MODIFIEDL: Cell A1: Enter Sinewave Spheres in a Ring to 100
• B2: Enter Pasted and C2: Enter Values. Format Fill Red and Font White.
• E1: AYE
• E2: BEE
• E3: CEE
• F1: 10
• F2: .50
• F3: .50
• Select cell range E1:F3 and Insert Name Create Names in Left Column, OK.
• MODIFIED: G1: Stretch_x1 or cut and paste,
• MODIFIED: G2: Stretch_y1 or cut and paste
• MODIFIED: H1: Enter “=(8.5*(SHRINKER*10))” or cut and paste
• MODIFIED: H2: Enter “=(8.5*(SHRINKER*10))” or cut and paste
• G3: Shrinker
• H3: Enter “=0.1*12/SPHERES”
• MODIFIED: Select cell range G1:H3 and Insert Name Create Names in Left Column, OK.
• I1: ROWS
• I2: MAGIC
• I3: SPHERES
• J3: 56
• Select cell range I1:J3 and Insert Name Create Names in Left Column, OK.
• J1: Enter “=17285-5”
• NEW: J2: Enter “=ROUND(ROWS/SPHERES,0)”

• A5: Adj Cos (for Adjusted Cosine)
• B4: Enter 0 and Insert Name Define Name Adj_Sin to cell $B$4.
• B5: Adj Sin
• C5: Indicator
• NEW: D4: Enter .=RANDBETWEEN(4,7)/100 where if the period is deleted the formula becomes active.
• D5: Randy (for RandBetween)
• E5: t: 0 to nПЂ
• F5: z1_
• G5: Adj_x1
• H5: Adj_y1
• I4 and J4: Charting
• I5: x: No z
• J5: y: With z
• K5: Adj_x2
• L5: Adj_y2
• M4 and N4: Charting
• M5: x2: No Z
• N5: y2: With z.
• Command+Select cells F1:F3 and I3 and Format Fill yellow.
• Select cell J3 and Format Fill light sky blue from the color wheel.
• Select cell range I4:J5 and Format Font italic.
• Select cell range M4:N5 and Format Font italic.
• Command+Select cells A1:D1, A2, A3:D3, D2, G1:N2, G3:H3, M3:N3 and Format Fill White.

• Select columns K and Insert Column, Select Columns D;E and Insert Columns.
• Cut the Randy column, now column F, and paste it in the new column M.

• M1: Enter “=AYE” and Format Fill yellow for input.
• N1: Enter AYE2_
• M2: Enter “=ROUND(ROWS/SWS2_,0)”
• N2: Enter Magic2
• M3: Enter “=SPHERES*SWS_Factor” for now and Format Fill medium sky blue.
• N3: Enter SWS2_ (for SineWaveSpheres2)
• Select M1:N3 and Insert Names Create Names in Right Column, OK.
• O1: Enter “=(-1+SQRT(5))/2” and Insert Name Define Name GMLL for cell $O$1 for Golden Mean Long Leg.
• O2: Enter SWS Factor
• O3: Enter 1 for now, Been having problems getting this to work at .5,. 25, etc. The idea is to enter 56 or so Spheres and then .25*56 = 14 for the next inner circle.
• O4: Enter the formula w/o quotes, “=VLOOKUP(SWS2_*IF(SWS_Factor0,1/SWS_Factor,1),LOOKSTER2,2)*

I would like to generate a sine wave with my Arduino Uno. As far as I know, there is no library for Uno to generate such a signal (correct me if I’m wrong), so the only option available is to write a function to generate the signal from scratch.

As far as my understanding of digital electronics goes, I believe it is possible to generate a sine wave signal by using PWM and varying the duty cycle accordingly. However, this route seems to me quite long, what other options do I have?

4 Answers 4

As far as I know, there is no library for Uno to generate such a signal (correct me if I’m wrong)

You are wrong, there is Mozzi, the sound synthesis library for Arduino. It works essentially along the lines sketched by uint128_t. Take a look at the Sinewave.ino for an example on how to make a (lookup table-based) sine wave. It can also do much more.

In its default mode, Mozzi works with a 16,384 Hz sample rate and a 32,768 Hz (not audible) PWM frequency.

There are two parts to this:

One is the creation/derivation/storage of the digital representation of a sine wave. The other is the conversion of the digital representation of a sine wave to an analog voltage (if I understand what you want).

The easiest way to obtain the digital representation of a sine wave is a lookup table. Precompute the digital values, and store them in an array. Simple. It is up to you to decide how much resolution (both in vertical accuracy/number of bits and horizontal accuracy/number of samples) you require.

It is also possible to compute the values directly. There are a number of ways of doing this, but be aware that using floating point math on the Arduino is very slow and space-intensive. You may want to look at CORDIC for one possible solution to this.

Next is the conversion to analog. You are right, PWM is one way to do this, and one of the easiest as far as external components go: you only need an RC filter to smooth the PWM. However, PWM is limited in resolution, and performs poorly when your wave frequency becomes a significant fraction of your PWM frequency. Also, the Arduino doesn’t run very fast, so your PWM frequency is limited.

Other DAC solutions (there are many many many, so I’m not going to go in depth on this):

R2R DAC: simple to construct, but requires precision resistors for decent resolution, limited in resolution, and requires many IO pins.

“proper” DAC: an I2C/SPI DAC can give you far better performance, but you will have to learn how to communicate with it. And it’s going to be more expensive, and involve several components.

However, this route seems to me quite long, what other options do I have?

I’m not sure what you mean by “quite long”, but this is pretty straightforward. For example, here’s how I’d go about it:

• store a sine wave in a lookup table
• set up an interrupt to trigger at regular intervals
• in the interrupt, pull a value from the lookup table and write it to PWM

You can now vary the frequency of your sine wave by either adjusting your interrupt interval, or adjusting the increment of your LUT position. You can vary the amplitude by simply multiplying the LUT values by a variable.

I search how to plot something with less instruction as possible with Matplotlib but I don’t find any help for this in the documentation.

I want to plot the following things:

• a wireframe cube centered in 0 with a side length of 2
• a “wireframe” sphere centered in 0 with a radius of 1
• a point at coordinates [0, 0, 0]
• a vector that starts at this point and goes to [1, 1, 1]

2 Answers 2

It is a little complicated, but you can draw all the objects by the following code:

For drawing just the arrow, there is an easier method:-

quiver(X, Y, Z, U, V, W, **kwargs)

Arguments:

X, Y, Z: The x, y and z coordinates of the arrow locations

U, V, W: The x, y and z components of the arrow vectors

The arguments could be array-like or scalars.

Keyword arguments:

length: [1.0 | float] The length of each quiver, default to 1.0, the unit is the same with the axes

arrow_length_ratio: [0.3 | float] The ratio of the arrow head with respect to the quiver, default to 0.3

pivot: [ ‘tail’ | ‘middle’ | ‘tip’ ] The part of the arrow that is at the grid point; the arrow rotates about this point, hence the name pivot. Default is ‘tail’

normalize: [False | True] When True, all of the arrows will be the same length. This defaults to False, where the arrows will be different lengths depending on the values of u,v,w.

Although I read this post, I still have no idea how to apply this to my own data and hope that someone can help me out.

I have the following data:

And now I simply want to fit a sine wave

$$ y(t)=Acdot sin(omega t+phi) +C. $$

with the four unknowns $A$, $omega$, $phi$ and $C$ to it.

The rest of my code looks is the following

But the result is really poor.

I would very much appreciate any help.

6 Answers 6

If you just want a good estimate of $omega$ and don’t care much about its standard error:

(A better fit still would perhaps account for the outliers in that series in some way, reducing their influence.)

If you want some idea of the uncertainty in $omega$, you could use profile likelihood (pdf1, pdf2 – references on getting approximate CIs or SEs from profile likelihood or its variants aren’t hard to locate)

(Alternatively, you could feed these estimates into nls . and start it already converged.)

sin(2*pi*t)+cos(2*pi*t) but this didn’t work ( cos term was always 1). Just out of curiosity: what do the first two lines do (I know that spectrum estimates the spectral density)? $endgroup$ – COOLSerdash Jun 6 ’13 at 8:44

As @Stefan suggested, different starting values do seem to improve the fit dramatically. I eyeballed the data to suggest that omega should be about $2 pi / 20$, since the peaks looked like they were about 20 units apart.

When I put that into nls ‘s start list, I got a curve that was much more reasonable, although it still has some systematic biases.

Depending on what your goal is with this data set, you could try to improve the fit by adding additional terms or using a nonparametric approach like a Gaussian process with a periodic kernel.

Choosing a starting value automatically

If you want to pick the dominant frequency, you can use a fast Fourier transform (FFT). This is way out of my area of expertise, so I’ll let other folks fill in the details if they’d like (especially about steps 2 and 3), but the R code below should work.

You can also plot abs(truncated.fft) to see if there are other important frequencies, but you’ll have to fiddle with the scaling of the x-axis a bit.

Also, I believe @Glen_b is correct that the problem is convex once you know omega (or maybe you need to know phi too? I’m not sure). In any case, knowing the starting values for the other parameters shouldn’t be nearly as important as for omega if they’re in the right ballpark. You could probably get decent estimates of the other parameters from the FFT, but I’m not certain how that would work.

Lesson Plans

Global Phytoplankton Distribution Story Map

Grade Band

Lesson Duration

Sphere(s)

Phenomena

NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

Science and Engineering Practices

NGSS Crosscutting Concepts

Supported NGSS Performance Expectations

Related Resources

Key Vocabulary

Instructional Strategies

Download this page

Purpose

This story map is intended to be used with students who have access to a computing device in a 1:1 or 1:2 setting. Using various visualizations (i.e., images, charts, and graphs), students will explore global phytoplankton distribution using chlorophyll concentration data. Students will investigate the processes that allow phytoplankton populations to thrive, as well as how their role in the carbon cycle impacts the other spheres of the Earth System.

The story map is available by clicking here.

Learning Objectives

• Students will analyze and compare multiple variables of the Earth System as they analyze the global distribution of phytoplankton.
• Students will observe annual patterns in chlorophyll concentration and shortwave radiation.
• Students will construct explanations and conclusions using evidence.

Essential Questions

1. What conditions within the Earth System allow phytoplankton to thrive?
2. How do changes in shortwave radiation affect the distribution of phytoplankton?
3. What affect do sea surface temperature and ocean currents have on distribution of phytoplankton?
4. How does chlorophyll concentration indicate the presence of phytoplankton?
5. How do phytoplankton contribute to the carbon cycle?

Cross-Curricular Connections

National Geography Standards:

• How to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective.

Materials Required

Resources Needed Per Student:

Resources Needed Per Group:

• Computer/Tablet
• Internet Access
• Link to the “Global Phytoplankton Distribution” Story Map – Link

Technology Requirements

• Internet Required
• One-to-a-Group

Background Information

At the bottom of the ocean’s food chain, phytoplankton account for roughly half of the net photosynthesis on Earth. Their photosynthesis consumes carbon dioxide and plays a key role in transferring carbon from the atmosphere to the ocean. Unlike the plant ecosystems on land, the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean is always followed closely by the abundance of organisms that eat phytoplankton, creating a perpetual dance between predators and prey.

To learn more, visit:

• The MND Phytoplankton Distribution Phenomena page for background information
• The Explain tab found in the Story Map

Prerequisites Student Knowledge

• Familiarity with finding coordinates on a map
• Familiarity with line plots and bar graphs

Procedure

Visit the Story Map to access the 5 E Lesson.

Extensions

If your students need additional practice with data analysis, consider incorporating this story map with the My NASA Data Data Literacy Cubes.

NASA Phenomenon Connection

Phytoplankton account for roughly half of the net photosynthesis on Earth. Their photosynthesis consumes carbon dioxide and plays a key role in transferring carbon from the atmosphere to the ocean. Unlike the plant ecosystems on land, the amount of phytoplankton in the ocean is always followed closely by the abundance of other organisms that eat phytoplankton. By analzying the NASA ocean color satellite data, scientists have provided new insights into how climate and ecosystem processes effect and are affected by the growth cycles of phytoplankton.

STEM Career Connections

Botanist or Plant Scientist – Research plant characteristics like their physiological processes, evolutionary history, resistance to disease, and relationships to other parts of the Biosphere and Earth System

Remote Sensing Specialist – Use sensors to analyze data and solve regional or global concerns such as natural resource management, urban planning, and climate and weather predictions

Environmental Engineering – Use their understanding of engineering and sciences such as soil science, biology, and chemistry, to develop solutions to problems in the environment which could include recycling, waste disposal, public health, or water and air pollution control

What Is a Semivariance?

Semivariance is a measurement of data that can be used to estimate the potential downside risk of an investment portfolio. Semivariance is calculated by measuring the dispersion of all observations that fall below the mean or target value of a set of data. Semivariance is an average of the squared deviations of values that are less than the mean.

Key Takeaways

• The semivariance formula can be used to measure a portfolio’s downside risk.
• Semivariance only considers observations that are below the mean of a data set.
• Spreadsheet programs can be useful in calculating semivariance for your portfolio.

Understanding Semivariance

The Formula for Semivariance Is

What Does Semivariance Tell You?

Semivariance is similar to variance, but it only considers observations that are below the mean. Semivariance is a useful tool in portfolio or asset analysis because it provides a measure for downside risk.

While standard deviation and variance provide measures of volatility, semivariance only looks at the negative fluctuations of an asset. Semivariance can be used to calculate the average loss that a portfolio could incur because it neutralizes all values above the mean, or above an investor’s target return.

For risk-averse investors, determining optimal portfolio allocations by minimizing semivariance could reduce the likelihood of a large decline in the portfolio’s value.

Calculate With a Spreadsheet

To use a spreadsheet program to calculate semivariance:

• Create a column—for example, column A—that consists of all returns in the portfolio.
• Remove all returns above the mean from column A.
• In column B, subtract the returns remaining in column A from the mean.
• In column C, square the difference, find the sum, and divide the sum by the number of returns that fall below the mean.

Different spreadsheets may have different functionality and some have easier ways or shortcuts to do this calculation.

The power of a signal is the sum of the absolute squares of its time-domain samples divided by the signal length, or, equivalently, the square of its RMS level. The function bandpower allows you to estimate signal power in one step.

Consider a unit chirp embedded in white Gaussian noise and sampled at 1 kHz for 1.2 seconds. The chirp’s frequency increases in one second from an initial value of 100 Hz to 300 Hz. The noise has variance 0 . 0 1 2 . Reset the random number generator for reproducible results.

Verify that the power estimate given by bandpower is equivalent to the definition.

Use the obw function to estimate the width of the frequency band that contains 99% of the power of the signal, the lower and upper bounds of the band, and the power in the band. The function also plots the spectrum estimate and annotates the occupied bandwidth.

A nonlinear power amplifier is given a 60 Hz sinusoid as input and outputs a noisy signal with third-order distortion. The signal is sampled at 3.6 kHz for 2 seconds.

Because the amplifier introduces third-order distortion, the output signal is expected to have:

A fundamental component with the same frequency as the input, 60 Hz.

Two harmonics — frequency components at twice and three times the frequency of the input, 120 and 180 Hz.

Use the thd function to visualize the spectrum of the signal. Annotate the fundamental and the harmonics.

Use bandpower to determine the power stored in the fundamental and the harmonics. Express each value as a percentage of the total power and in decibels. Display the values as a table.

I’ve got some tests where I’m checking that the proper error message appears when text in certain fields are invalid. One check for validity is that a certain textarea element is not empty.

If this textarea already has text in it, how can I tell selenium to clear the field?

9 Answers 9

If this element is a text entry element, this will clear the value.

Note that the events fired by this event may not be as you’d expect. In particular, we don’t fire any keyboard or mouse events. If you want to ensure keyboard events are fired, consider using something like sendKeys(CharSequence) . E.g.:

I ran into a field where .clear() did not work. Using a combination of the first two answers worked for this field.

In the most recent Selenium version, use:

If this element is a text entry element, this will clear the value.

It is general syntax

With a simple call of clear() it appears in the DOM that the corresponding input/textarea component still has its old value, so any following changes on that component (e.g. filling the component with a new value) will not be processed in time.

If you take a look in the selenium source code you’ll find that the clear()-method is documented with the following comment:

/** If this element is a text entry element, this will clear the value. Has no effect on other elements. Text entry elements are INPUT and TEXTAREA elements. Note that the events fired by this event may not be as you’d expect. In particular, we don’t fire any keyboard or mouse events. If you want to ensure keyboard events are fired, consider using something like with the backspace key. To ensure you get a change event, consider following with a call to with the tab key. */

So using this helpful hint to clear an input/textarea (component that already has a value) AND assign a new value to it, you’ll get some code like the following:

Sorry for this code being Java and not Python. Also, I had to skip out an additional “waitUntilPageIsReady()-method that would make this post way too long.

Hope this helps you on your journey with Selenium!

Create! Explore! Survive! The basics for getting into the game!

Welcome! Minecraft is a game about placing blocks and having adventures. It’s a survival experience about staying alive in your own fantastic world that’s also a creative space to build almost anything you can imagine!

We know Minecraft can be intimidating to newcomers so we’ve assembled this simple guide to get you started. Trust us, you’ll be a miner expert in no time!

We’d recommend starting this guide with Starting Out and Survival Tips. But however you choose to play Minecraft is the right way to play. So how do you want to play Minecraft?

• Starting out and Survival Tips (A Good place to Start!)
• I Want to Craft Stuff!
• I Want to Build Stuff!
• I Want to Explore My World!
• I Want to Fight Monsters!

Scroll below to find out how!

Starting Out and Survival Tips!

Select Singleplayer in the Main Menu, then Create New World. You’ll see this:

The secrets to survival are having a steady supply of food and staying safe from monsters. Luckily, building a shelter is easy. Your hand is your first mining tool, so use it to hit trees or dirt until they turn into blocks. These blocks will appear in your toolbar, and you can then place them right in front of you.

Build your shelter, making sure there’s no way for monsters to get in! Later, you’ll be able to build doors, windows, etc, but for now, focus on surviving! Most monsters come out at night, so stay inside until sunrise and you’ll be safe.

Animals are everywhere and only take a few attacks to finish off. They’ll drop meat which restores health. There’s also apples, melons and other veggie options to be found if you’re vegetarian, or just think hitting pigs with pickaxes is cruel. Hmmm, you’ve got a point.

I Want to Craft Stuff!

Let’s start by punching some trees! The blocks that make up the tree will break and drop wood. Certain blocks need stronger tools than fists to break, but this is the basics of how Minecraft works – break (or ‘mine’) a block, pick it up, then place it somewhere else to build something beautiful!

Now open your inventory screen. Here you’ll find everything you pick up in the world. Those four squares in the top right are your personal crafting area. Drag some of that wood over into a crafting area square. Four wood planks will appear in a fifth square. Drag them into your inventory and they’re yours!

This is called crafting. As you may have noticed, it’s easy!

You can use the statistical tools of econometrics along with economic theory to test hypotheses of economic theories, explain economic phenomena, and derive precise quantitative estimates of the relationship between economic variables. To accurately perform these tasks, you need econometric model-building skills, quality data, and appropriate estimation strategies. And both economic and statistical assumptions are important when using econometrics to estimate models.

Econometric Estimation and the CLRM Assumptions

Econometric techniques are used to estimate economic models, which ultimately allow you to explain how various factors affect some outcome of interest or to forecast future events. The ordinary least squares (OLS) technique is the most popular method of performing regression analysis and estimating econometric models, because in standard situations (meaning the model satisfies a series of statistical assumptions) it produces optimal (the best possible) results.

The proof that OLS generates the best results is known as the Gauss-Markov theorem, but the proof requires several assumptions. These assumptions, known as the classical linear regression model (CLRM) assumptions, are the following:

The model parameters are linear, meaning the regression coefficients don’t enter the function being estimated as exponents (although the variables can have exponents).

The values for the independent variables are derived from a random sample of the population, and they contain variability.

The explanatory variables don’t have perfect collinearity (that is, no independent variable can be expressed as a linear function of any other independent variables).

The error term has zero conditional mean, meaning that the average error is zero at any specific value of the independent variable(s).

The model has no heteroskedasticity (meaning the variance of the error is the same regardless of the independent variable’s value).

The model has no autocorrelation (the error term doesn’t exhibit a systematic relationship over time).

If one (or more) of the CLRM assumptions isn’t met (which econometricians call failing), then OLS may not be the best estimation technique. Fortunately, econometric tools allow you to modify the OLS technique or use a completely different estimation method if the CLRM assumptions don’t hold.

Useful Formulas in Econometrics

After you acquire data and choose the best econometric model for the question you want to answer, use formulas to produce the estimated output. In some cases, you have to perform these calculations by hand (sorry). However, even if your problem allows you to use econometric software such as STATA to generate results, it’s nice to know what the computer is doing.

Here’s a look at the most common estimators from an econometric model along with the formulas used to produce them.

Econometric Analysis: Looking at Flexibility in Models

You may want to allow your econometric model to have some flexibility, because economic relationships are rarely linear. Many situations are subject to the “law” of diminishing marginal benefits and/or increasing marginal costs, which implies that the impact of the independent variables won’t be constant (linear).

The precise functional form depends on your specific application, but the most common are as follows:

Typical Problems Estimating Econometric Models

If the classical linear regression model (CLRM) doesn’t work for your data because one of its assumptions doesn’t hold, then you have to address the problem before you can finalize your analysis. Fortunately, one of the primary contributions of econometrics is the development of techniques to address such problems or other complications with the data that make standard model estimation difficult or unreliable.

The following table lists the names of the most common estimation issues, a brief definition of each one, their consequences, typical tools used to detect them, and commonly accepted methods for resolving each problem.

Smooth response data

Syntax

Description

yy = smooth( y ) smooths the response data in column vector y using a moving average filter.

The first few elements of yy follow.

yy = smooth( y , span ) sets the span of the moving average to span .

yy = smooth( y , method ) smooths the data in y using the method specified by method and the default span .

yy = smooth( y , span , method ) sets the span of method to span .

yy = smooth( y , ‘sgolay’ , degree ) uses the Savitzky-Golay method with the polynomial degree specified by degree .

yy = smooth( y , span , ‘sgolay’ , degree ) uses the number of data points specified by span in the Savitzky-Golay calculation. span must be odd and degree must be less than span .

yy = smooth( x , y , ___ ) specifies values for the independent variable x . You can use this syntax with any of the arguments in the previous syntaxes.

gpuarrayYY = smooth( gpuarrayY , ___ ) performs the operation on a GPU using gpuArray data. You can use gpuArray response data with all previous syntaxes. This syntax requires Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

gpuarrayYY = smooth( gpuarrayX , gpuarrayY , ___ ) performs the operation on a GPU using gpuArray input data. This syntax requires Parallel Computing Toolbox.

Using gpuArray x and y inputs with the smooth function is only recommended if you use the default method, ‘moving’ . Using GPU data with other methods does not offer any performance advantage.

Examples

Smooth Data Using Moving Average Filter

Smooth data by linear index and by each column separately, using a moving average filter. Plot and compare the results.

Load the data in count.dat . The 24-by-3 array count contains traffic counts at three intersections for each hour of the day.

Suppose that the data are from a single intersection over three consecutive days. Smoothing all the data togther would then indicate the overall cycle of traffic flow through the intersection. Use a moving average filter with a 5-hour span to smooth all the data simultaneously (by linear index).

However, the data are in fact from three different intersections. Thus, smoothing columnwise gives a more meaningful picture of the traffic through each intersection in a day. Use the same moving average filter to smooth each column of the data separately.

Plot the original data and the data smoothed by linear index and by each column separately. Then, plot the difference between the two smoothed data sets. The two methods give different results near the endpoints.

Smooth Data Using loess and rloess

Plot and compare the results of data smoothed using the loess and rloess methods. Then determine which method is less sensitive to outliers.

Create noisy data with two outliers.

Smooth the data with the loess and rloess methods. Use a span of 10% of the total number of data points.

Plot the original and smoothed data. The outliers have less influence with the robust method rloess .

Input Arguments

y — Data to smooth
column vector

Data to smooth, specified as a column vector.

If your data contains NaN s and you do not specify x , your data is treated as nonuniform and the smoothing method ‘lowess’ is used.

Data Types: single | double

span — Number of data points for calculating the smoothed value
5 (default) | integer | scalar value in the range (0,1)

Number of data points for calculating the smoothed value, specified as an integer or as a scalar value in the range (0,1) denoting a fraction of the total number of data points.

If you use the moving average or Savitzky-Golay methods, the number of data points for calculating the smoothed value must be an odd integer. If you specify span as an even number or as a fraction that results in an even number of data points, span is automatically reduced by 1.

Example: 7 ; 0.6

method — Smoothing method
character vector

Smoothing method to smooth the response data, specified as one of the following methods.

Moving average. A lowpass filter with filter coefficients equal to the reciprocal of the span.

Local regression using weighted linear least squares and a 1st degree polynomial model.

Local regression using weighted linear least squares and a 2nd degree polynomial model.

Savitzky-Golay filter. A generalized moving average with filter coefficients determined by an unweighted linear least-squares regression and a polynomial model of specified degree (default is 2). The method can accept nonuniform predictor data.

A robust version of ‘lowess’ that assigns lower weight to outliers in the regression. The method assigns zero weight to data outside six mean absolute deviations.

A robust version of ‘loess’ that assigns lower weight to outliers in the regression. The method assigns zero weight to data outside six mean absolute deviations.

degree — Polynomial degree for Savitzky-Golay method
scalar value

Polynomial degree for the model used in the Savitzky-Golay method, specified as a scalar value. degree must be less than span .

Example: 3

x — Independent variable for response data y
vector

Independent variable for the response data y , specified as a column vector. If you do not provide x , methods that require x assume x = 1:length(y) . Specify x data when y is not sorted or uniformly spaced. If x is not uniform and you do not specify method , lowess is used.If you specify a smoothing method that requires x to be sorted, the function automatically sorts the x data.

Data Types: single | double

gpuarrayY — Data to smooth
gpuArray vector

Data to smooth, specified as a gpuArray column vector.

Data Types: single | double

gpuarrayX — Input data for response data gpuarrayY
gpuArray vector

Input data for the response data gpuarrayY , specified as a gpuArray column vector. If you do not provide gpuarrayX , methods that require gpuarrayX assume gpuarrayX = 1:length(y) . Specify gpuarrayX data when the data are not uniformly spaced or sorted. If the gpuarrayX data is not uniform and you do not specify the smoothing method, ‘lowess’ is used. If you specify a smoothing method that requires gpuarrayX to be sorted, the function automatically sorts the gpuarrayX data.

Data Types: single | double

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Political Science: What Is Political Socialization

No study of political science is complete without looking at political socialization. Political socialization is the process of how people acquire their political values. The political values people possess in turn will shape their political behavior within the state. Political socialization teaches children political values and norms that will later impact their political behavior. The objective of political sociali.

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This calculator estimates how many circles of radius r can be placed inside another circle of radius R.

This calculator estimates the maximum number of smaller circles of radius r that fits into a larger circle of radius R. It could be number of small pipes inside a large pipe or tube, number of wires in a conduit, number of cut circles from circle-shaped plate, and so on.

One may think that there should be formula for that, but, in fact, there is no formula. This is an optimization problem knows as Circle packing in a circle. It belongs to a class of optimization problems in mathematics which are called packing problems and involve attempting to pack objects together into containers. Circle packing in a circle is a two-dimensional packing problem with the objective of packing unit circles into the smallest possible larger circle. See Circle packing in a circle.

For this problem, optimal solution needs to be found and proved. Wikipedia article lists first 20 solutions (in other words, it lists smallest possible radius of larger circle which is enough to pack specified number of unit circles (circles with radius of one). Default calculator parameters, by the way, allow to pack 11 circles, which will give you the layout presented below:

Happily, there is a project on the internet, solely devoted to packing problems. It is the site called Packomania. Today, it summarises all found solutions. Site author, Eckard Specht, also participates in search for solutions, and, in fact, most solutions were found by him, and there are solutions for up to 2600 circles in a large circle, with pictures of layouts. For each number of circles the ratio of r/R is given, and this can be used to find answer.

The calculator below evaluates ratio r/R and then looks for closest optimal solution among those 2600. If ratio r/R falls outside of research data, the calculator returns error.

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A balance puzzle is a type of logic puzzle where the goal is to make all components equal, or balanced. For example, a scale is balanced when both sides have equal weight on them. It is important to determine the relationships between elements of a balance puzzle. For example, when trying to balance a scale, it is important to know the weight of the objects being added to each side. Knowing how to set up algebraic expressions, isolate variables, and solve algebraic equations are key skills for solving these problems. It can be useful to approach balancing puzzles using algebra and systems of linear equations.

In order to balance the scale, how many green squares would need to be added to one end of the scale if the other end had 3 3 3 purple circles on it?

To model this problem with equations, we get

Contents

Balancing Equations

If a scale is balanced, that means that the combined type and quantity of elements on one side of the scale have equal weight to the combined type and quantity of elements on the other side of the scale. For example, if a red ball weighs twice as much as a blue ball, then it is true that the blue ball weighs half as much as the red ball. In other words, if 1 1 1 red ball is placed on one side of a scale, in order to balance the scale, 2 2 2 blue balls must be placed on the other end.

Balancing puzzles can be modeled as linear systems of equations since it is possible to derive linear relationships about elements on the scale (as mentioned above). Each scale will yield one algebraic expression, so if a problem shows multiple scales, multiple relationships can be derived. The equations determined from the scales can be combined to determine the relationships between objects that are not even being weighed against each other. Consider a problem with two scales: one that shows 2 2 2 blue balls for every 1 1 1 red ball, and another that shows 3 3 3 green squares for every 1 1 1 blue ball. From these two equations, a relationship between green squares and red balls can be derived. Since there are 2 2 2 blue balls for every 1 1 1 red ball, and 3 3 3 green squares for every 1 1 1 blue ball, there are 2 × 3 2 times 3 2 × 3 green balls for every 1 1 1 red ball.

Describe the relationships between the shapes in the illustrations below using algebraic expressions.

We can get one equation per scale. Since there are two scales, we will get two equations.

• From the scale on the left: 3 Green Squares = 1 Purple Circle.
• From the scale on the right: 1 Green Square = 2 Red Triangles. □ _square □ ​

The example above yields two linear equations. Since there are three variables–Red Triangles, Green Squares, Purple Circles–it is possible to derive the relationships between each pair of variables. The equations already state the relationship between Red Triangles and Green Squares (there are two Red Triangles for every Green Square) and the relationship between Green Squares and Purple Circles (there are three Green Squares for every Purple Circle). These two equations can be combined to derive the relationship between Purple Circles and Red Triangles.

Using the two equations from the example above, write an equation that shows the relationship between Red Triangles and Purple Circles.

Here are the first two equations:

The relationship between Purple Circles and Red Triangles is (6 Red Triangles) = (1 Purple Circle), or there are six Red Triangles for every Purple Circle. □ _square □ ​

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One of the most crucial tasks an entrepreneur has is to calculate the size of their market, and the potential value that market has for their startup business. Without this data you can’t create a viable business plan, or be taken seriously when approaching potential investors.

As described in my book, The Art of Startup Fundraising, the market needs to be in the billions. Otherwise, even if you have the perfect team and product the returns will be limited for potential investors making your investment opportunity less attractive.

Market Size for Startups

Determining the market size is critical. It tells you and your partners, team and investors how much potential business is really out there. It helps calculate how much value there really is for your individual venture. This is critical to know, even if you never plan to raise a dime in outside capital.

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Market size becomes far more important if you ever need to raise funding for your business. It is one of the most basic digits every potential angel and VC investor is going to expect. Even your friends and family should be asking about it during seed and pre-seed financing rounds. Coming up empty handed is going to destroy your credibility instantly.

Unfortunately, this is one factor which entrepreneurs frequently blow when formulating initial plans, stepping out into a new business and when pitching investors. So, how do you do it right?

How to Determine Market Size

To calculate your market size, you’ll either be looking for data on the number of potential customer, or number of transactions each year.

For example; if you are selling toothbrushes, virtually everyone can be counted in your big whole market figure. If people are listening to their dentists, and they are purchasing new toothbrushes 2-4 times per year, that number is even larger. If you are selling houses, then there may only be an average of 5.34M transactions in a good year, in the entire United States.

The Art of Startup Fundraising book

The Art of Startup Fundraising book

• Show projections going out 3 years (it’s hard to accurately analyze after that)
• Account for organic growth or decline in the years ahead
• Your roll out to geographic areas over time

There are a variety of ways to acquire this data. Census and labor bureau hold a lot of information, and most industries have formal associations which compile and track this type of data. You can also commission your own research or purchase studies.

Once you have the data you want to make sure that you are presenting it in a powerful way in your pitch deck since it is one of the most important slides. A good pitch deck template is the one created by Silicon Valley legend, Peter Thiel (see it here) that I recently covered. Thiel was the first angel investor in Facebook with a $500K check that turned into more than $1 billion in cash. Thiel actually includes not one, but two slides around the market and its size. Moreover, I also provided a commentary on a pitch deck from an Uber competitor that has raised over $400M (see it here).

Below is another example of how to show in your pitch deck your market growing over time.

The Art of Startup Fundraising book

The Art of Startup Fundraising book

How to Determine Market Value

Market size, or the number of potential customers or unit sales is one thing. How much that is worth, is a completely different, and perhaps more important figure.

You need to know how much revenue that market has to offer. For example; UpNest is one of the fastest growing real estate tech startups, which helps home buyers and sellers save on Realtor commissions. If the average home price is $394,300, and there are 5M sales per year, and the average Realtor commission is 5% of the sales price, and 90% of users use a Realtor, UpNest is in an $88.7B per year industry. Or has a market size of $88.7B.

Determining Total Addressable Market (TAM)

Realistically, no startup should or can expect to gain 100% market share. Trying to capture an entire market, without first targeting several niches, price points, customer sizes or geo areas for roll out, is going to be financial suicide for the vast majority of entrepreneurs.

The Art of Startup Fundraising book

The Art of Startup Fundraising book

For example; even giant online real estate firm Zillow, which dominates the marketplace, has far more modest estimates for its own new venture in buying and flipping houses directly with consumers. The company’s CEO recently said that if it could acquire 275,000 units a $3,500 profit each, it would be doing very well. That’s about $1B a year from just one extra revenue stream, at just over 18% of the available market share.

Of course, most new startups can’t expect to even command that much market share. Even if you could, most seasoned investors won’t believe it until you prove it. Tx Zhuo of Karlin Ventures says “If it’s 1 to 5 percent of the pie, you have a realistic plan.”

If you have no idea what’s a reasonable amount of market share in your industry, Projection Hub says one hack is to anonymously call around to all of your local competitors and find out how much volume they are doing. Then estimate you’ll be doing a fraction of that as you gain traction.

The Art of Startup Fundraising book

The Art of Startup Fundraising book

Also factor in the static versus evolving marketplace. Do population growth rates mean there will be more prospective customers in your market in 5 years, or less? Don’t forget to factor in your own impact on the market.

For example; if you were Amazon a decade ago, you should have factored in the fact that you are about to destroy the marketplace for regular bookstores. Their price cutting also slashed the value of the market in a huge way.

Early stage startup investor at Matrix Partners, Jared Sleeper notes there are actually :three distinct ways to calculate TAM.”

1. Top-down, using industry research and reports.
2. Bottom-up, using data from early selling efforts.
3. Value theory, using conjecture about buyer willingness to pay.

It’s best to know them all before you go into an investor meeting, or finish polishing your pitch deck.

Summary

Knowing your market size is a basic foundational part of launching any startup venture. Every entrepreneur needs to know how to calculate it, and how it relates to potential revenue in their addressable market.

Be realistic. Investors like big numbers, but don’t have patience for flakes over-inflating numbers. You should be able to show the potential to achieve VC sized growth and returns over time. Just make sure you can back up your claims with the data and research, you derived your numbers from, and how you arrived at your assumptions.

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This example shows how to perform and interpret basic frequency-domain signal analysis. The example discusses the advantages of using frequency-domain versus time-domain representations of a signal and illustrates basic concepts using simulated and real data. The example answers basic questions such as: what is the meaning of the magnitude and phase of an FFT? Is my signal periodic? How do I measure power? Is there one, or more than one signal in this band?

Frequency-domain analysis is a tool of utmost importance in signal processing applications. Frequency-domain analysis is widely used in such areas as communications, geology, remote sensing, and image processing. While time-domain analysis shows how a signal changes over time, frequency-domain analysis shows how the signal’s energy is distributed over a range of frequencies. A frequency-domain representation also includes information on the phase shift that must be applied to each frequency component in order to recover the original time signal with a combination of all the individual frequency components.

A signal can be converted between the time and frequency domains with a pair of mathematical operators called a transform. An example is the Fourier transform, which decomposes a function into the sum of a (potentially infinite) number of sine wave frequency components. The ‘spectrum’ of frequency components is the frequency domain representation of the signal. The inverse Fourier transform converts the frequency domain function back to a time function. The fft and ifft functions in MATLAB allow you to compute the Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a signal and the inverse of this transform respectively.

Magnitude and Phase Information of the FFT

The frequency-domain representation of a signal carries information about the signal’s magnitude and phase at each frequency. This is why the output of the FFT computation is complex. A complex number, , has a real part, , and an imaginary part, , such that . The magnitude of is computed as , and the phase of is computed as . You can use MATLAB functions abs and angle to respectively get the magnitude and phase of any complex number.

Use an audio example to develop some insight on what information is carried by the magnitude and the phase of a signal. To do this, load an audio file containing 15 seconds of acoustic guitar music. The sample rate of the audio signal is 44.1 kHz.

Use fft to observe the frequency content of the signal.

The output of the FFT is a complex vector containing information about the frequency content of the signal. The magnitude tells you the strength of the frequency components relative to other components. The phase tells you how all the frequency components align in time.

Plot the magnitude and the phase components of the frequency spectrum of the signal. The magnitude is conveniently plotted in a logarithmic scale (dB). The phase is unwrapped using the unwrap function so that we can see a continuous function of frequency.

You can apply an inverse Fourier transform to the frequency domain vector, Y, to recover the time signal. The ‘symmetric’ flag tells ifft that you are dealing with a real-valued time signal so it will zero out the small imaginary components that appear on the inverse transform due to numerical inaccuracies in the computations. Notice that the original time signal, y, and the recovered signal, y1, are practically the same (the norm of their difference is on the order of 1e-14). The very small difference between the two is also due to the numerical inaccuracies mentioned above. Play and listen the un-transformed signal y1.

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*NEW BONUS SECTION* 18/3/2019 – Animation in JuiceFX

In this course you will learn how to make Pixel Art from Scratch. You will learn how to make beautiful illustrations and all the art that you need for your videogame. You will gain all the knowledge that you need to start creating Pixel Art for videogames or illustrations.

You will start by learning the basics of Pixel Art:

How to make lines and curves

How to make 2D Shapes like squares and circles

How to make 3D Shapes like boxes and spheres

How to choose colors for your art

After learning the basics you are going to work in complete projects from zero, in this course you will learn a workflow to make art for videogames, you will learn:

How to create an item set and how to export it

How to think the process of creating a game environment

How to design a seamless and parallax background for your videogame

How to make the tiles and decorations for the environment

How to make a character and how to animate the character

And more.

Working in projects is very important so you can learn the actual process of working in pixel art, being for a personal project or a client. Those projects will teach you how to overcome issues that you might encounter while working in pixel art. You will also see how you can use the basics of pixel art that you’ve learned into a project.

The course contains lectures that will teach you step by step the process of making Pixel Art, it also includes exercises that will make you learn, practice and improve. The course will also get updated with more lectures.

I offer full feedback on the work that you produce, I will also answer all the questions that you can have about pixel art.

So if you are a beginner pixel artist, game designer, artist or programmer wanting to learn how to create pixel art for videogames or just beautiful pixel art illustrations this course is for you!

How to Order Gas Cards for a Fundraiser

Punch cards are a great way to advertise your business and encourage repeat customers. Shoppers or clients who make purchases or obtain services can acquire punches for dollars spent or per visit to your business. Once they have reached the specified number of punches on their card, customers may receive a discounted item or free service, keeping them coming back time after time. If you have a computer, printer and Microsoft Publisher, you can make punch cards yourself and watch your business bloom.

Open Microsoft Publisher. In the “New Publication” task pane, expand “Blank Publications” by clicking the arrow to its left. Double-click “Business Cards.” It will appear that one business card opens in the window. However, the changes you make to this business card will create an entire sheet of the same cards.

Insert a text box into the business card. Go to the “Insert” menu and click on “Text Box.” Drag the text box into the center of the business card, which will be a punch card, leaving a 1-inch margin around each side of the text box.

Choose a font by going to the “Format” menu and clicking on “Font.” Select a font style, color and other options. Make sure the text is large enough to be legible. A 10-point font is a good size. Enter basic information such as your business name and address, and what the customer will receive once the punch card is completely filled.

Enter an AutoShape that will represent where the holes should be punched. Go to the Drawing toolbar and click on “AutoShapes.” Choose the shape you want and drag it into the upper left corner. Right-click the AutoShape and click “Add Text.” Type in the dollar amount or service required to receive a punch.

Right-click the AutoShape and click “Copy.” Right-click the space to the right of the first shape and click “Paste.” Continue pasting the shapes into the 1-inch margin around the text box. Print the sheet of punch cards and cut them apart using scissors. Use the hole punch to punch the specified areas when a customer meets the requirements.

You can change the color of your AutoShape by right-clicking it and choosing “Format AutoShape.” Change the color on the “Colors and Lines” tab. You may want to put different numbers or services into various hole punch areas.

Live tiles in Windows 10 display information that are useful at a glance without opening an app. For example, the News tile displays headlines while the Weather tile displays the forecast. You can rearrange, resize, and move these tiles to make them work better for you. We’ll show you how.

How to pin tiles to Start

Pinning tiles to Start is very easy. Right-click an app in the app list and then tap or click Pin to Start. Alternatively, you can drag the app from the list and drop it in the tiles area. If you’re using the touchscreen, tap and hold the app from the list, and then drag it to the tiles area. To remove a tile, right-click and tap or select Unpin from Start.

How to resize tiles in Start

You can resize live tiles to your liking. There are four different sizes available: small, medium, wide, and large. However, some apps only have three sizes as it is up to the developer to enable the large one. Right-click a live tile > Resize, and then select a size. If you’re using a touchscreen, tap and hold a live tile, tap the ellipsis on the lower right corner, and select a size.

How to move tiles in Start

As you add more live tiles in Start, you’ll want to move things around and even organize them into groups. To move a tile, just drag them into place. If you drag a tile all the way to the bottom of Start, a new group will be created. You can name the group whatever you want. To add a name, click or tap above the group. If you’re using a mouse or trackpad, hovering above the group displays “Name group.” You can also move a whole group of tiles by dragging the two lines next to the group’s name.

How to turn off live tiles

Live tiles can be handy, but it’s good to know that you can easily turn them off. You just need to right-click on a tile, and select Turn live tile off.

If you think this guide is helpful, we have many more posts like this one in our Windows 10 help, tips and tricks page.

Update 6: Microsoft wants all of TikTok, but Trump’s order may interfere

The Financial Times reports that as part of negotiations, Microsoft is now inquiring whether it can buy all of TikTok, instead of just the business in the US., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. This new plan would include India and Europe (and excluding China).

Apple responds to Project xCloud iOS block, Microsoft kicks back

With Microsoft’s Project xCloud streaming platform locked out from iOS devices, Apple doubles down on App Store restrictions.

‘The Nether Update’ for Minecraft: The 1.16.2 update, and everything new you need to know

The Nether Update is the latest major release for Minecraft, and it changes everything about the fiery Nether. Here’s everything you need to know.

Should your next computer be a mini PC? These are your best options.

Windows PCs come in all shapes and sizes, and whatever your needs there’s a computer out there to suit you. Here are the best to choose from if you’re looking for a new mini PC.

Lesson Plans

Hurricanes as Heat Engines Story Map

Student Handout(s)

Interactive Student Files

Grade Band

Sphere(s)

Phenomena

NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

Science and Engineering Practices

NGSS Crosscutting Concepts

Supported NGSS Performance Expectations

Related Resources

Key Vocabulary

Instructional Strategies

Download this page

Purpose

Using various visualizations (i.e., images, charts, and graphs), students will explore the energy exchange that occurs when hurricanes extract heat energy from the ocean. This story map is intended to be used with students who have access to a computing device in a 1:1 or 1:2 setting.

The story map is available by clicking here.

Learning Objectives

• Students will analyze NASA sea surface temperature data to use as evidence to explain a phenomenon.
• Students will explore how hurricanes gain energy from the ocean surface.

Essential Questions

1. How is the development of a hurricane affected by sea surface temperature?
2. How is thermal energy transferred within a hurricane system?
3. How does a hurricane affect the different spheres within the Earth System?

Cross-Curricular Connections

National Geography Standard

How to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective.

Materials Required

Per Student:

• “Hurricanes as Heat Engines Story Map Datasheet”

Per Student/Small Group:

• Computer or Tablet
• Internet Access

Technology Requirements

• Internet Required
• One-to-One (tablet, laptop, or CPU)
• Visualization Tool Required

Background Information

The passage of a hurricane causes a large transfer of heat between the ocean surface and the atmosphere. It also causes surface waters to diverge, bringing cooler water from below to the surface (upwelling). These effects are so large that they can be seen by a drop in sea surface temperature (SST) in satellite data observations along the path of the storm. The cooler water conditions may last for a week or longer after the storm.

Procedure

1. Using an internet accessible device, students open the link to the Hurricanes as Heat Engines Story Map Lesson: link to begin their exploration of this phenomenon.
2. Distribute the Hurricanes as Heat Engines Story Map Student Sheet. Have students navigate on their own through the Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate tabs of the story map to answer the questions and complete the activities on their student sheet.

Extensions

If your students need additional practice with data analysis, consider incorporating this story map with the My NASA Data Data Literacy Cubes.

NASA Phenomenon Connection

Hurricanes are the most violent storms on Earth. They are like giant engines that use warm, moist air as fuel, which is why they form only over warm ocean waters near the equator. The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward and as the air continues to rise the surrounding air swirls in to take its place. As the warm, moist air rises and cools off, clouds form creating a system of clouds and wind that spins and grows, fed by the ocean’s heat and water evaporating from the surface. NASA satellites gather sea surface temperature data that can be used to explore changes that occur.

STEM Career Connections

Atmospheric and Space Scientists – Investigate weather and climate related phenomena to prepare weather reports and forecasts for the public

Computer and Information Scientists – Conduct research in the field of computer and information science

Applications Software Developers – Develop and modify computer applications software that are used to communicate with satellites and people using satellite data

• Computer Programmers
• Systems Engineers
• Software Engineers

WHO WE ARE

WHAT WE DO

CONSULTING

Improve Efficiency, Quality, Productivity and reduce costs. Implement new projects and develop new products with ease. Our consulting services help you achieve your objectives with special focus on.

• Process optimization
• Manpower stabilisation
• Machines and Tools selection

Read More

MARKETING

Reach Global prospects cost effectively. Our marketing services assist, as an extended arm, in introducing you to global prospects with the most modern marketing techniques enabling.

• International Exposure
• Quality Manpower Retention
• Improved Top and Bottom Lines

Read More

TRAINING

Experience ‘Experiences’ with our training programmes. Our Modules are specially designed to suit your exclusive needs helping your team succeed in reaching your organisational goals with focus on improving their.

• Soft skills
• Marketing acumen
• Technical knowledge

Read More

Why Us

It is not just the experience we have, and varied at that, having worked with some of the world’s best companies. For sure, the professionalism, process & systems and knowledge gained from these Multinationals have given us the edge, not only in career but also in life.

However, a few other important parameters like interest, commitment, ownership and customer centric approach has made quite a difference to the activities we do – be it Consulting, Marketing or Training. These have been rooted deep into us and have helped carve a niche for ourselves.

We do things differently …. with only one single objective in mind – ORGANIC GROWTH for our Customer.

Try us… Experience the positive change!!

CUSTOMER TESTIMONIALS

FAQ s

Surely. Not only your wish for direct supplies to the OE, we can also assist you go Global. Let’s connect to know how.

This is a practical problem being faced by many industrialists. It may not be possible to always have good order influx unless your customers keep doing very well always. However, we can ensure that we bring it close to a constant order influx with strategy changes

Well. We will discuss this with you one to one

Yes, we guarantee organic growth when you follow what we suggest

Our activity would start by participating in your quest to get a competent team. Once established, we would provide them with the ammunition required to excel in the market place. That apart we help with marketing services to take your company to the place where it rightly belongs

Every customer has his own priority and work schedule and hence would like us to train his employees based on their availability. The duration we have mentioned is for a comprehensive programme which we would prefer. However, we can be flexible depending on the above and modify our module duration and content accordingly.

As mentioned above, we would have the training based on customer convenience. Two days, One Day, half a day, 3 hours… we leave it to them to decide.

A tough question to answer. No trainer can guarantee better performance. As one may be aware, attitude of the employee is crucial for better performance. However, our customer testimonials are proof of our efforts. We have also given the email id of our customer just for anyone to get in touch with them for a first-hand information.

When working with or adding meshes, I’ve seen UV Spheres and Icospheres being presented to me. What are the differences between them, when should either be used and is there anything I should take into consideration if I want to have them render cleanly?

3 Answers 3

The major fundamental difference is how each sphere is modeled. The UV sphere, somewhat like latitude and longitude lines of the earth, uses rings and segments. Near the poles(both on the Z-axis with the default orientation) the vertical segments converge on the poles. This sphere is useful for projecting terrain onto planets and/or complex modeling as it is readily subdivided even after being created, and maps onto equirectangular projections (plate carrée) readily.

The icosphere uses a different approach. A polyhedron is made with triangles which are placed(at various subdivision levels) as an icosahedron (thus the name) and more finely-subdivided solids. All faces have the same area, which may be useful for certain types of UV mapping containing non-organic textures. An example that comes to mind is an isocahedral die or billiard balls where stretch must be minimized near the point where the number is printed onto the ball.

_{A conparison of UV and icospheres. UV spheres are on the left. Going downward, the subdivision levels are increased. 10 rings, 3 segments; 16/8, and 32/32 for UV spheres, and subdivision levels 1,2, and 3 for the icosphere. Default BI material is used, and light is directly behind camera.}

Source: Wiki page and experimentation with UV mapping.

In financial/investment terminology, beta is a measurement of volatility or risk. Expressed as a numeral, it shows how the variance of an asset—anything from an individual security to an entire portfolio—relates to the covariance of that asset and the stock market (or whatever benchmark is being used) as a whole. Or as a formula:

How Do You Calculate Beta In Excel?

What Is Beta?

Let’s break down this definition further. When you have exposure to any market, whether it’s 1% of your funds or 100%, you are exposed to systematic risk. Systematic risk is undiversifiable, measurable, inherent and unavoidable. The concept of risk is expressed as a standard deviation of return. When it comes to past returns—be they up, down, whatever—we want to determine the amount of variance in them. By finding this historical variance, we can estimate future variance. In other words, we are taking the known returns of an asset over some period, and using these returns to find the variance over that period. This is the denominator in the calculation of beta.

Next, we need to compare this variance to something. The something is usually “the market.” Although “the market” really means “the entire market” (as in all risk assets in the universe), when most people refer to “the market” they are typically referring to the U.S. stock market and, more specifically, the S&P 500. In any event, by comparing our asset’s variance to that of “the market,” we can see its inherent amount of risk relative to the overall market’s inherent risk: This measurement is called covariance. This is the numerator in the calculation of beta.

Interpreting betas is a core component in many financial projections and investment strategies.

Calculating Beta in Excel

It may seem redundant to calculate beta, since it’s a widely used and publicly available metric. But there’s one reason to do it manually: the fact that different sources use different time periods in calculating returns. While beta always involves the measurement of variance and covariance over a period, there is no universal, agreed-upon length of that period. Therefore, one financial vendor may use five years of monthly data (60 periods over five years), while another may use one year of weekly data (52 periods over one year) in coming up with a beta number. The resultant differences in beta may not be huge, but consistency can be crucial in making comparisons.

To calculate beta in Excel:

1. Download historical security prices for the asset whose beta you want to measure.
2. Download historical security prices for the comparison benchmark.
3. Calculate the percent change period to period for both the asset and the benchmark. If using daily data, it’s each day; weekly data, each week, etc.
4. Find the Variance of the asset using =VAR.S(all the percent changes of the asset).
5. Find the Covariance of asset to the benchmark using =COVARIANCE.S(all the percent changes of the asset, all the percent changes of the benchmark).

Issues with Beta

If something has a beta of 1, it’s often assumed that asset will go up or down exactly as much as the market. This definitely is a bastardization of the concept. If something has a beta of 1, it really means that, given a change in the benchmark, its sensitivity of returns is equal to that of the benchmark.

What if there are not daily, weekly, or monthly changes to assess? For example, a rare collection of baseball cards still has a beta, but it cannot be calculated using the above method if the last collector sold it 10 years ago, and you get it appraised at today’s value. By only using two data points (purchase price 10 years ago and value today) you would dramatically underestimate the true variance of those returns.

The solution is to calculate a project beta using the Pure-Play method. This method takes the beta of a publicly traded comparable, unlevers it, then relevers it to match the capital structure of the project.

November 15th, 2013

Summary: Guest blogger, Marc Carter, reprises his popular blog post about locating installed software.

Microsoft Scripting Guy, Ed Wilson, is here. Marc Carter is joining us again today with another guest blog post…

Looking back a couple years ago to my previous post, Use PowerShell to Quickly Find Installed Software, I find it interesting to reflect on common issues shared amongst the IT pro community. In our underlying goal to control our environment, whether that environment consists of a desktop computer, a development server, or production data center, we must first discover and understand before we can effectively attempt to control. Such is the case for sys admins when determining what software is currently configuring a server.

But first, let’s have a quick refresher on what initially prompted this discussion…

Win32_Product: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

[Good] The Win32_Product WMI class represents products as they are installed by Windows Installer.

If you choose to query Win32_Product class by using Get-WmiObject, you’ll find yourself [Bad] waiting for your query (or application) to return [Ugly] a consistency check of packages that are installed as it attempts to verify and repair installs. (For more information, see Event log message indicates that the Windows Installer reconfigured all installed applications).

Problem #1: Um, is there a problem, officer?

Querying the Win32_Product class to determine installed software is more than likely not your “best” option. Unfortunately, not everyone knows this.

Solution: (Understanding) Do your part and help spread the word.

Problem #2: Identify better alternatives

I really like some of the refinements and suggestions within comments that were mentioned by others on my previous post. One of the things I take a lot of pride in is my association with the men and women of US Army and their core values (The Army Values).

I see that similar mindset and participation reflected in the esprit de corps (or cohesion) of the Windows PowerShell community. As others have pointed out, there are a lot better and easier ways to gather information without invoking the Win32_Product class. One of my favorite alternatives involved suggestions from Knut Johansen and Mike Crowley: use the PS Registry Provider.

The Windows PowerShell Registry provider lets you get, add, change, clear, and delete registry keys, entries, and values in Windows PowerShell. The Registry provider lets you access a hierarchical namespace that consists of registry keys and subkeys. Registry entries and values are not components of that hierarchy. Instead, they are properties of each of the keys. The Registry provider supports all the cmdlets that contain the “item” noun—that is, the Item cmdlets (except Invoke-Item) such as Get-Item, Copy-Item, and Rename-Item. Use the Item cmdlets when you work with registry keys and subkeys.
For more information, see Registry Provider.

In the following example, I use the Get-ItemProperty cmdlet to return values from the Uninstall Registry Key within the HKEY LOCAL MACHINE (HKLM) Registry Provider, selecting specific properties and then formatting output.

Get-ItemProperty HKLM:SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionUninstall* | Select-Object DisplayName, DisplayVersion, Publisher, InstallDate |
Format-Table –AutoSize

The Get-ItemProperty cmdlet is a great tool because it’s designed to work with data that is exposed by any provider. To get a better idea of the various providers that are available in your session, simply execute the Get-PSProvider cmdlet.

And of course, depending on my needs, I could have also used alternative output methods like Out-GridView or Export-Csv. Either way, we’ve now reduced the process to a one-liner that can be used in 64-bit and 32-bit environments:

Get-ItemProperty HKLM:SoftwareWow6432NodeMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionUninstall* | Select-Object DisplayName, DisplayVersion, Publisher, InstallDate |
Format-Table –AutoSize

Problem #3: Can we make it even more useful?

Absolutely! We are talking Windows PowerShell after all…

One way that comes to mind (and again, visible within the comments from the previous post), is addressing the issue of how to query multiple remote devices. My solution (or a number of reasons) is to rely on using the Invoke-Command cmdlet. In the following example, I query both of my SharePoint Web Front End (WFE) servers by using Invoke-Command to execute the same Get-ItemProperty on the remote system’s HKLM PS Registry Provider:

Invoke-Command -cn wfe0, wfe1 -ScriptBlock

The output now includes the PSComputerName column, which will help when I want to sort results down the road. And there we have it…an easy method to report installed software!

I look forward to reading comments from the Windows PowerShell community on other refinements and ways to improve this task. In many ways, I relate our efforts to that of a symphony or band. Each of us plays a different note in that we all hear and see things differently. Put us all together on the same sheet of music, and we have the potential for some awesome melodies.

Thank you, Marc, for another awesome blog.

I invite you to follow me on Twitter and Facebook. If you have any questions, send email to me at [email protected], or post your questions on the Official Scripting Guys Forum. See you tomorrow. Until then, peace.

Ed Wilson, Microsoft Scripting Guy

(Video of Screen Blips)

I have an ASUS S400C 64-bit laptop computer with an Intel Core i3 CPU and 12 GM of RAM running Windows 8. Last month, the cursor controlled by a wireless mouse and keyboard I have used for roughly 2 years began moving on its own–erratically and unpredictably jumping to the lower left hand corner of the screen initially where random blips,dashes and spheres appear on the screen. It has taken me a month to capture the screen because every time i press record the blips stop. Today though I was an organiser on a webinar (which was completely distroyed by the random mouse clicks and blips) but for some reason I was able to capture the blips, maybe because the webinar was being recorded online.

* Changing mouse did not help
* Updating the mouse software did not help (latest version downloaded from Logitech)
* Switching the mouse or its wireless dongal to a different USB port did not help
* removing the wireless dongel and using the laptop touch pad doesn’t help
* Rebooting did not help
* Turning off an extended display and running only one monitor (either one) did not help
* Changing the pointing device settings from rather fast to its slowest response seems to have made it move slightly less quickly, but it did not solve the problem and remains largely unusable much of the time.

Claims I’ve seen that many antivirus programs cause such problems do not seem credible, as I have run antivirus programs from several providers on many machines for many years and many operating systems without incident. I have been using Kaspersky Pure2.0 antivirus for almost a 10 years (1 year on this computer) without incident but have changed to Norton 360 this month to try to fix this issue. Interestingly, although it hasn’t solved the issue the random activity usually ceases until the scan is finished. So I have been running the full scan continuosly for the past month or so so I can get my work done.

Check out this video to check out the type of screen activity that occurs and keeping in mind that I couldn’t capture the cursor which is continually dragged from where-ever it is at the time into the blips. When it does this, I can move the cursor away with quick , sharp movements of the mouse, but it’s response is so erratic that it is extremely difficult to click on icons before it returns the blips position which is now running across the middle of the Laptop screen.

The only other things I can mention are that:
– the blips only occur on the Laptop screen and not the extended monitor but the cursor gets dragged from the extended monitor to the blips from where ever it is and..
– if a window is open where the blips are it will click any clickable link and resize windows quickly and at random

Please help me if you have any knowledge of a solution to this problem

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• All games
• Dragon Age
• Mods
• Dragon Age: Origins
• Models and Textures
• Retexturing DAO

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About this mod

Hated the ugly blotchy item textures so figured I’d fix a couple, but the thing got a little out of hand. So I have been (very) slowly retexturing parts of the game.

Author’s instructions

Feel free to edit the files and share your creations as long as credit is given.

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This author has not credited anyone else in this file

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So ventured my group to the Mage tower.. You lot know what is coming next! I know you do! And we all hate it. And this time I can’t use a mod to simply skip it. Oh bugger.
But all up to that is now re-done in the tower. Now I just need to muster my motivation and go to the fade.
————————–

Easter update. Yay!!

So! I ventured into Orzammar and the deeproads and now they are both done!! Woop-de-doop! Lot’s of new clutter items and ofc many many new enviroment files. Some furniture too.

Enjoy and remember to delete the old file just in case! 🙂

Well I will not go into details about being homeless, no electricity, fire hazards, council wars and demonic eviction.

Scary. Only about 300 of 800+ files have been done. But due to me fixing shaders, adding normals, spectrals and adding new files entirely in some places, it is larger than originals. Please be aware the files have been separated from original layout. This is due to me using the ‘Final’ folder to keep track with what I am happy with.

Therefor highly recommend you move the original mod files out of the override folder to see the differences. I will work on getting things tidied up for next proper release.

Additionally I will be releasing a Reshade file in next week that will add a ton of new stuff to DAO and make things look very impressive. Feedback is extremely welcomed. Be aware these are no way final. 300 odd files, and I have a excel sheet of over 400+ tweaks/fixes I need to do on these. These are all first passes to get feeling right ingame, Polish is far later. Enjoy!

2nd Feb 2016 – Apologies ALL!

Sorry for Silence. I have had a insanely chaotic few months. Firstly I had to leave flat due to ongoing issues that made it dangerous. Then I visited parents in Bahrain over Christmas. However, with Saudi kicking off with beheadings the internet was shut down without warning, locking me off from my cloud saved files. Then soon as I returned to UK I have spent all of January learning how to start my own company and paperwork to acquire fundings. *Breaths*

NOW, I have freed time all the way up to March by fighting through this chaos. I sadly ain’t going to set a date in stone, but expect a large release by then with Normal maps, touched up textures and a at minimum over 1000 textures with full spectral maps as well if required.

I also been working on a Reshade setup that introduces a lot of new effects. The best one being colour bleeding of environment lights as they bounce. Sadly it is intense and setup purely for my setup. I may as an apology add this as an optional for people to test. If people respond well I will make it a separate project linked to this.

BTW, Late Merry Christmas and New Year >. DELETE the older version . Doubles won’t break anything as far as I know but you will then have possibly an older version of some texture floting about. Uncool. C:Users[Your_computer_name_here]DocumentsBioWareDragon Agepackagescoreoverride

I completely and utterly suck at any kind of bugfixing or any that kind of stuff, I just basicly copy-paste images on top of others, so sorry about that, most likely I can’t help you.

I have noticed some black squares/triangles and textures but I have on idea how to fix that. If you do, feel free to share the info! 😀

Ain’t so happy with all of my work, but so far I’m just trying to finnish this darned thing and after that I’ll go back to fix the things I’ve screwed up.